• br Acknowledgements br Membrane bound proton translocating

  2019-10-12

  

  Acknowledgements Membrane-bound proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (H-PPase; EC 3.6.1.1) belong to a recently identified category of proton pumps, distinct from F-, P-, and V-ATPases, which utilize pyrophosphate hydrolysis as the driving force for H movement across biological membr

• The serotonin transporter gene encodes an integral membrane

  2019-10-12

  

  The serotonin transporter gene () encodes an integral membrane protein that transports serotonin from the synaptic spaces into the presynaptic neurons. The encoded protein terminates the action of serotonin and recycles it in a sodium-dependent way. This protein is a target of psychomotor stimulants

• Through the process of alternative splicing the IKZF gene is

  2019-10-12

  

  Through the process of alternative splicing, the IKZF1 gene is capable of encoding a large number of Ikaros isoforms (Molnar et al., 1996). Some of these isoforms were shown to have distinct functions (Li et al., 2011, Ronni et al., 2007). Ikaros protein contains four zinc fingers at the N-terminus

• Estrogen receptors ERs belong to the third class

  2019-10-12

  

  Estrogen receptors (ERs) belong to the third class of nuclear receptors (NR3) [23]. Two different forms of ER have been described, ERα and ERβ. They are coded by two distinct genes (ESR1 and ESR2, respectively) containing 8 transcribed exons that give rise to six conserved protein domains: domains A

• It remains unclear how LINE

  2019-10-12

  

  It remains unclear how LINE1 RNA-Nucleolin-Kap1 are targeted to the Dux cluster. LINE1-Nucleolin-Kap1 may have other interacting partners with DNA binding specificity. For example, YY1 has been implicated in targeting a repressive complex containing Nucleolin to the human DUX4 cluster (Gabellini et 

• Our finding that VEGF A induced downregulation of EphB is

  2019-10-12

  

  Our finding that VEGF-A induced downregulation of EphB4 is VEGFR2 dependent (Fig. 4A) is not surprising because VEGFR2 is the primary signaling receptor of VEGF-A in EC [34]. However, our finding that VEGF-A induced upregulation of dll4 Vanoxerine kinase is not inhibited by VEGFR2 inhibition sugges

• The monomeric oligomeric states of DDR

  2019-10-12

  

  The monomeric/oligomeric states of DDR2-V5-His and DDR2-Fc were confirmed by Western blotting under reducing and non-reducing conditions. As shown in Fig. 1b, DDR2-V5-His exhibited a relative molecular mass of ~60 kDa under both reducing and non-reducing conditions, consistent with this protein bein

• Numerous studies have pointed to the DGAT reaction

  2019-10-12

  

  Numerous studies have pointed to the DGAT reaction being critical for TAG assembly and in several cases it has been shown to limit carbon flux from lipid precursors towards TAG accumulation [12]. Thus, in Brassica napus, the DGAT substrate, diacylglycerol (DAG), accumulates during periods of rapid l

• Since protein kinase CK has over known substrates we examine

  2019-10-11

  

  Since protein kinase CK2 has over 300 known substrates we examined if the inhibitory effects described above could also be detected using another substrate. Therefore, we employed the synthetic peptide RRRADDSDDDDD which is often used in CK2 inhibitory studies. Quite contrary to the phosphorylation

• These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric RING E lig

  2019-10-11

  

  These studies established IAP proteins as dimeric RING E3 ligases, but did not account for the essential role of dimerization. In IAPs and related E3s, such as RNF4 and MDM2, dimerization not only depends on contacts from the core RING domain but also residues N- and C-terminal to the RING domain (B

• br RING dimerization RING type domains are found

  2019-10-11

  

  RING dimerization RING-type domains are found in many different structural contexts. While many exist as single-chain LY 303511 and (Fig. 3A), a notable feature of RING-type E3s is their tendency to form homodimers and heterodimers (Fig. 3C–F). Homodimeric RING-type E3s include cIAP, RNF4, BIRC7

• Immunofluorescence assays were performed to

  2019-10-11

  

  Immunofluorescence assays were performed to localize the enzyme during growth and differentiation to further characterize Giardia E1. As stated before, the assays showed that the 5α-dihydro-11-keto Testosterone generated recognized specific E1 forms (E1-114, E1-90 and E1-67 with anti-gNTE1; and E1-

• Overexpression of EP and DDR has been sporadically reported

  2019-10-11

  

  Overexpression of EP300 and DDR1 has been sporadically reported in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis and other fibrotic diseases. Zeng et al. reported that EP300 was increased in TGF-β1 treated lung fibroblasts and mediated decreases of SIRT1 expression. Bhattacharyya et al. found that both EP3

• br Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science

  2019-10-11

  

  Funding This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundations of China (81072327 and 81273114), Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20103234110005), Key Program of Educational Commission of Jiangsu Province of China (11KJA330002), and a Project Funded by the

• Additionally although the membrane localized ER signaling de

  2019-10-11

  

  Additionally, although the membrane-localized ER signaling described in this review has generally been studied in isolation from nuclear signaling, it is becoming clearer and clearer that integration of these mechanisms must be considered (Frick, 2015). Perhaps the distinct estradiol signaling mecha

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