• Our results showed that in elastase induced AAA

  2020-12-12

  

  Our results showed that in elastase-induced AAA, TGF-β neutralization finely tunes macrophage phenotype. Note that several studies have already addressed the role of M1 markers, such as IL-6 and IL-1β, or M2 markers, including IL-10 and TGF-β.4, 9, 10, 11 The expression and the role of ARG1 in AAA h

• sq 22 br Experimental Procedures br Acknowledgments We thank

  2020-12-12

  

  Experimental Procedures Acknowledgments We thank R. Brink for providing HEL2x, M. Tanaka for CD169DTR mice, R. Lathe for making Cyp7b1+/− mice available, and M. Barnes and A. Reboldi for comments on the manuscript. T.Y. is an Irvington Institute Postdoctoral Fellow at the Cancer Research Insti

• br Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and

  2020-12-12

  

  Introduction Protein modification by ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins is one of the most common and important regulatory mechanisms in biology (Finley et al., 2004, Pickart, 2004). Ubiquitination is carried out by an enzymatic cascade consisting of three steps. In the first step, ubiquitin i

• Consistent with a clear separation of biological

  2020-12-12

  

  Consistent with a clear separation of biological function between ARISC and BRISC in cells, mutations in BRCC36 and Abraxas are prevalent in cancer genomes whereas mutations in KIAA0157 are rare. A survey of the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) consortium, revealed that to date, 37

• One of the critical functions of

  2020-12-12

  

  One of the critical functions of the product of the AR gene is to activate the expression of target genes. This transactivation activity resides in the N-terminal domain of the protein encoded in exon 1, which contains polymorphic repeats. These trinucleotide repeats, (CAG) and (GGC), encode polyglu

• Since the initial identification of DNA ligase

  2020-12-12

  

  Since the initial identification of DNA ligase inhibitors by a structure-based approach [[18], [26]], there have been several reports describing LigI inhibitors using computer modelling and derivatives of the original DNA ligase inhibitors [[49], [50], [51]]. While these studies have shown that the

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2020-12-12

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements This work was funded by the National Science Centre, Poland, grant number N N303 571539. We are greatly indebted to Patrick Fox for help with the final manuscript. Introduction Alkylating agents which interact directly with DNA to form covalent bonds h

• The presence of H PPases in parasitic protists raises

  2020-12-12

  

  The presence of H+-PPases in parasitic protists raises the question of the physiological role of these proteins. So far, they had been extensively characterized mainly in higher plants, and some prokaryotes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [16], [20]. A common feature to all these organisms is tha

• br Funding This work was supported by a

  2020-12-12

  

  Funding This work was supported by a research grant of the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SCHN477-9-2 to R.S.S), the Manfred-Stolte-Stiftung (to R.S.S.) and by a research grant from the German Cancer Aid (Deutsche Krebshilfe, No. 106696/TP 5 to T.F.). Introduction Death-associated protein k

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2020-12-11

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion TP has aroused extensive explorations because of its potent anti-inflammatory, immune-suppressive and antitumor activities. Notwithstanding these, TP has yet to enter Phase II clinical trials owing to its severe toxicity (Zhou et al., 2012). TP could

• br Crystal structure of c FMS and

  2020-12-11

  

  Crystal structure of c-FMS and binding pattern of CSF-1 and IL-34 c-FMS is a 972 amino acids polypeptides containing transmembrane glycoprotein [19]. It contains all the necessary domains required for tyrosine kinase activity, i.e. 512 amino nvp-aew541 N-terminal extracellular segment, hydrophob

• Our structures also provide new insights

  2020-12-11

  

  Our structures also provide new insights into CRTH2 drug development. The ligand binding pocket revealed by our structures comprises many aromatic residues and a few polar residues at the distal end. Correspondingly, most CRTH2 antagonists share a similar structural feature characterized by an aceta

• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Anxiety and depression a

  2020-12-11

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Anxiety and depression are major components of maintaining the cycle of addiction, and are responsible for the negative reinforcement of drug seeking behaviors (Sarnyai et al., 1995, Koob and Le Moal, 2008). Both rats and humans exhibit increased anxiety states du

• One of the therapeutic proteins

  2020-12-11

  

  One of the therapeutic proteins used in cancer therapy is glucarpidase, also known as Carboxypeptidase G2, CPG2, which originates from the bacterium Variovorax paradoxus (old name, Pseudomonas sp. strain RS-16). It has no mammalian equivalent (Thompson et al., 1994; Kamlage, 1994) and is a zinc-depe

• More recently it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neu

  2020-12-11

  

  More recently, it was discovered that BChE hydrolyzes the neuropeptide gut hormone, ghrelin [25], [26], [27], [28]. Nonetheless, because the enzyme reaction is very slow, those who first reported this finding were initially reluctant to attribute a real physiological role for that phenomenon. Our ow

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