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br Introduction Breast cancer is the second most
2025-01-20
Introduction Breast cancer is the second most lethal cancer among women, accounting for approximately 40,000 deaths in the United States in 2015 [1]. The prognosis of breast cancer has improved significantly with the identification of immunohistochemical subtypes that predict response to therapy
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With wide spread use of corticosteroids to combat
2025-01-20
With wide-spread use of corticosteroids to combat inflammation and allergies, even children are susceptible to corticosteroid-induced muscle wasting. Although non-steroidal SGRMs that spare muscle and bone, but have significant anti-inflammatory effects, have been preclinically developed and tested,
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In the present study AP B preferentially
2025-01-20
In the present study, AP31-B preferentially released hydrophobic Protein G bead immunoprecipitation such as leucine and alanine from N-terminal of peptide (Fig. 4). The debittering ability of AP31-B seemed to depend on such substrate specificity, but additional tests against other hydrophobic amino
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The number of times an animal reared was the only
2025-01-20
The number of times an animal reared was the only emotional behavior that was significantly higher in the young mice than in the middle-aged group. This may be explained by diminished curiosity or augmented ambulation with aging (Lalonde and Strazielle, 2008). A recent study showed that middle-aged
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Further examination of these vmat IR cells shows that
2025-01-20
Further examination of these vmat-IR cells shows that they are also positive for vimentin (vim-IR) (Fig. 3A). However, within any one cell there may be a region of weaker vmat-IR, suggesting sub-cellular localization. As also shown in Fig. 3B and C not all vim-IR cells are vmat-IR suggesting that th
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Since non lipoprotein derived free cholesterol is
2025-01-20
Since non-lipoprotein-derived free cholesterol is recycled from the plasma membrane through the endosomal system through receptor-independent mechanisms, we wanted to determine whether ABCA2 could alter the trafficking of this source of free cholesterol. Our approach was to measure the effect of mob
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n acetylneuraminic acid receptor In brief serotonin can inte
2025-01-20
In brief, serotonin can interact with 7 classes of receptors are differentiated into 14 subtypes (Barnes and Sharp, 1999). Specifically, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2C receptors have been the most widely studied in the modulation of anxiety responses (Deakin et al., 1992; Millan, 2003). However, the studies that
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Mechanisms implicated in antinociception by A
2025-01-20
Mechanisms implicated in antinociception by A3R agonists in neuropathic pain are summarized in Box 3. Cellular transduction mechanisms for A3Rs include inhibition of cyclic AMP, PKA via Gαi, interactions with PLC/IP3/DAG and signaling via Gαi and Gαq, and interactions with PI3K/MEK/ERK via βγ subuni
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Structure activity relationships biochemical metabolic and m
2025-01-20
Structure–activity relationships [23], [24], [25], [26], biochemical [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], metabolic [19], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], and molecular [32] investigations have demonstrated that the substrate specificity, as well as other characteristics of T. gondii adenosi
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The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis
2025-01-18
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi
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As mentioned above variation of the
2025-01-18
As mentioned above, variation of the A-ring was undertaken in order to improve microsomal stability and kinase selectivity relative to interleukin 2 receptor (). 1-Imidazole-2-carboxamides with substitution at the 4-position (–) were mostly tolerated with 4-cyano-imidazole-2-carboxamide () having co
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br Materials and methods br
2025-01-18
Materials and methods Results Discussions Our results indicated that autophagy was suppressed in GECs under HAGG treatment, through Akt/mTOR-dependent pathways. Previous reports provided clues for the linkages between ICs and endothelial cell autophagy. Fujii and colleagues reported that se
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and LO are members of the lipoxygenase
2025-01-18
5- and 12/15-LO are members of the lipoxygenase family that convert arachidonic Benzoylmesaconitine into lipid mediators such as leukotriene B4 (LTB) and 12()-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 15()-HETE, respectively. Evidence from several in vitro and in vivo studies has shown that activatio
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Production of reactive oxygen species ROS during RSV
2025-01-18
Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during RSV infection is one the important ways that neutrophils can injure the lungs [2], [24], [25]. Lipoxygenases are considered as an important source of producing ROS inside the PIK-III [26]. Several studies have indicated that the 12/15-LOX is a pro-i
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Another contributor for the G M arrest in A
2025-01-18
Another contributor for the G2/M arrest in A549 and H1299 cells might be p21WAF1/CIP1 which was up-regulated upon ovatodiolide treatment. p21WAF1/CIP1 is a common CDKs inhibitor which blocks FRAX486 G2/M phase progression in various types of cancer cells (Kim et al., 2015, Liberio et al., 2015). It
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